Pigmentation & Melasma
Pigmentation disorders like melasma occur when melanin production increases, leading to noticeable changes in skin color. Melasma appears as brown or gray-brown patches, most commonly on the face, affecting the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and chin. These patches are typically symmetrical and can range from faint to more pronounced, impacting the skin's overall appearance.
The exact cause of melasma isn't fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development. Sun exposure is a significant trigger, as UV light stimulates melanin production, worsening the condition. Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy or when using oral contraceptives, can also trigger melasma, making it more prevalent among women. Additionally, certain medications that increase skin sensitivity to sunlight can also contribute to the onset of melasma.
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Treatment
Managing melasma requires a variety of treatment strategies. Topical creams containing hydroquinone, retinoids, or other skin-lightening agents are often prescribed to reduce pigmentation. Chemical peels can exfoliate the top layers of skin, helping to lighten dark patches over time.
Sun protection is also vital. Using broad-spectrum sunscreen daily and wearing protective clothing can prevent melasma from worsening and support the effectiveness of treatments. Laser therapy is another option, targeting and breaking down the excess pigment in the skin.
Regular follow-up with a dermatologist is recommended to adjust the treatment plan as needed.
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